How do we determine final concentrations for equilibrium systems? When reactions are reversible, neither the forward nor the backward reaction will progress to completion. This page demonstrates quantitative calculations for chemical reactions that have an equilibrium constant, K, that is neither large nor small.

In the following modules, we will consider ways to simplify the calculation for equilibrim systems that have very small or very large values of K.

These tutorials are part of a set of equilibrium materials developed with the Open Learning Initiative at Carnegie Mellon University. To access the entire course, please see http://oli.web.cmu.edu/jcourse/webui/guest/look.do?section=buffers.